Effects of Ti and Gd for Ga substitution on microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy

Abstract

The present study is focused on the influence of Ti and Gd doping at the Ga site on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the polycrystalline Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 20-x Z x (x = 0 or 5, Z = Gd, Ti) magnetic shape memory alloys. Microstructure investigations show that reference Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 25 and Ti-doped alloys, both in the as-cast and annealed state, are single phase materials, whereas Gd-doped sample reveals dendritic dual-phase structure with substantial distinction between Gd-rich and Gd-poor regions. Thermomagnetic measurements expose reversible martensitic transition in the Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 25 and Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 20 Ti 5 alloys, where Ti addition to NiMnGa composition leads to the decrease of phase transformation temperature from T M = 193 K for reference sample to T M = 172.5 K for Ti-doped material. Furthermore, the Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 20 Gd 5 alloy does not experience fully martensitic transition. Temperatures of magnetic transformation also varies with chemical composition and equals to 379 K, 318 K and 370 K for the annealed Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 25 , Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 20 Ti 5 and Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 20 Gd 5 alloy, respectively. Mechanical properties investigation based on the nanoindentation measurements shows beneficial influence of doping elements on material hardness. In addition, planar distributions of hardness allow to deconvolute mechanical properties of each individual phase of the Ni 50 Mn 25 Ga 20 Gd 5 alloy.

Publication
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 476, 497-505